immersionlog
Sign inCreate account

Grammar

JLPT N5 grammar list

137 points in learning order. The grammar of a first Japanese textbook: です and だ, the core particles, verbs and adjectives in plain and polite forms, the て-form and what it builds, and the patterns for wanting, comparing, permission and giving reasons. Every explanation and example is written for immersionlog.

Create a free account to learn these a few a day and review them on a spaced schedule.

1 · Saying who and what

  1. 1ですis, am, are (polite)
  2. 2はas for (topic)
  3. 3か? (question)
  4. 4じゃない・ではないis not
  5. 5の's, of (linking nouns)
  6. 6もalso, too
  7. 7〜さん・〜ちゃん・〜くん・〜様・〜先生Mr/Ms (name suffixes)
  8. 8〜人・〜語・〜屋(nationality), (language), (shop)
  9. 9これ・それ・あれ・どれthis, that, that over there, which one
  10. 10この・その・あの・どのthis…, that…, that … over there, which…
  11. 11ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこhere, there, over there, where
  12. 12何what
  13. 13誰・どなたwho
  14. 14ね…, isn't it? right? (shared feeling)
  15. 15よyou know, I tell you (new information)
  16. 16そうso, like that, that's right
  17. 17でしたwas, were (polite)
  18. 18じゃなかったwas not

2 · Where things are, and how many

  1. 19ありますthere is, have (things)
  2. 20いますthere is, have (people and animals)
  3. 21がsubject (who or what)
  4. 22に (location)in, at, on (where something is)
  5. 23上・下・中・前・後ろ・隣on, under, in, in front of, behind, next to
  6. 24こちら・そちら・あちらthis way, that way (and polite here, there)
  7. 25お〜・ご〜 (polite prefixes)(polite prefix)
  8. 26〜つgeneral counter (one, two, three things)
  9. 27〜人counter for people
  10. 28いくら・いくつhow much (price), how many / how old
  11. 29〜時・〜分・半o'clock, minutes, half past
  12. 30と (and)and (joining nouns)
  13. 31やand (among other things)
  14. 32〜をください…, please (asking for something)

3 · Polite verbs and the core particles

  1. 33〜ますdoes, will do (polite)
  2. 34〜ませんdoesn't, won't (polite)
  3. 35〜ましたdid (polite past)
  4. 36〜ませんでしたdidn't (polite past)
  5. 37をobject (what the action is done to)
  6. 38に (time)at, on, in (a specific time)
  7. 39いつwhen
  8. 40ごろaround (a point in time)
  9. 41に (destination)to (where you're going)
  10. 42へtoward, to (direction)
  11. 43で (place)at, in (where something happens)
  12. 44で (means)by, with, in (tool, transport, language)
  13. 45と (with)with (a person)
  14. 46から・までfrom, until / as far as
  15. 47に (target)to (the person on the receiving end)
  16. 48〜ましょうlet's (polite)
  17. 49〜ませんかwon't you…? would you like to…?
  18. 50〜に行くgo (somewhere) to do
  19. 51そして・それからand, and then

4 · Describing things, likes and wants

  1. 52い-adjectivesdescribing words ending in い
  2. 53な-adjectivesdescribing words that take な before a noun
  3. 54〜くないisn't (い-adjective)
  4. 55〜かったwas (い-adjective)
  5. 56〜くなかったwasn't (い-adjective)
  6. 57〜くて・〜で…and… (joining adjectives)
  7. 58どんなwhat kind of, what … like
  8. 59どう・いかがhow (is it)
  9. 60〜が好き・嫌いlike, dislike
  10. 61〜が上手・下手good at, bad at
  11. 62〜は〜がA's B is… (describing a feature)
  12. 63〜が分かるunderstand
  13. 64〜ができるcan (do), be able to
  14. 65〜がほしいwant (a thing)
  15. 66〜たいwant to (do)
  16. 67あまり・全然 〜ないnot very, not at all
  17. 68いつも・よく・時々・たまにalways, often, sometimes, once in a while
  18. 69〜ましょうかshall I…? shall we…?
  19. 70〜から (reason)because, so
  20. 71〜が (but)but, and (softening)
  21. 72でもbut (at the start of a sentence)

5 · Counting, comparing and asking

  1. 73〜本counter for long, thin things
  2. 74〜枚counter for flat things
  3. 75〜冊・〜台・〜匹・〜杯・〜階counters for books, machines, small animals, cupfuls, floors
  4. 76〜たちplural (people)
  5. 77ぐらい・くらいabout (an amount)
  6. 78だけonly, just
  7. 79〜に〜回… times per …
  8. 80で (totals and groups)altogether, as a group of
  9. 81〜中 (じゅう・ちゅう)throughout / in the middle of
  10. 82何か・誰か・どこかsomething, someone, somewhere
  11. 83何も・誰も・どこにもnothing, no one, nowhere (with a negative)
  12. 84どうして・なぜwhy
  13. 85か (or)or
  14. 86よりthan
  15. 87〜より〜のほうがA is more … than B
  16. 88どちら・どっちwhich (of two)
  17. 89一番the most, -est
  18. 90もっとmore
  19. 91〜と同じ・〜と違うthe same as; different from
  20. 92こんな・そんな・あんなthis kind of, that kind of
  21. 93は (contrast)(this one, at least); but as for

6 · The て-form and changes

  1. 94〜て (and then)…and (then)…, joining actions
  2. 95〜てくださいplease do
  3. 96〜ている (in progress)is doing
  4. 97〜ている (state)is (in a state), has done and still is
  5. 98〜てもいいmay, it's okay to
  6. 99〜てはいけないmust not
  7. 100〜てからafter doing, once … (then)
  8. 101もうalready, (not) anymore, more
  9. 102まだstill, not yet
  10. 103〜く・〜に (adverbs)…ly (adjective as adverb)
  11. 104〜になる・〜くなるbecome
  12. 105〜くする・〜にする (make it …)make (something) …, turn it …
  13. 106〜にするdecide on, go with
  14. 107を (through, along, out of)through, along, across; out of
  15. 108で (because of)because of, due to
  16. 109で・から (made of, made from)(made) of, out of; from
  17. 110にも・でも・とも・からも(to, at, with, from) … too
  18. 111などand so on, things like
  19. 112の (the one)one, the one (that…)

7 · Plain forms

  1. 113Dictionary formdoes, will do (plain)
  2. 114〜ないdoesn't, won't (plain negative)
  3. 115〜たdid (plain past)
  4. 116〜なかったdidn't (plain past negative)
  5. 117だis, am, are (casual)
  6. 118だったwas, were (casual)
  7. 119〜ないでくださいplease don't
  8. 120〜なくてもいいdon't have to
  9. 121〜なければならないmust, have to
  10. 122〜なくてはいけないmust, have to
  11. 123〜たことがあるhave (ever) done
  12. 124〜たり〜たりするdo things like A and B
  13. 125〜のが好き・上手like / be good at doing
  14. 126Noun-modifying clausesthe (thing) that …, the (person) who …
  15. 127何でも・いつでも・どこでも・誰でもanything, any time, anywhere, anyone

8 · Time, plans and explanations

  1. 128〜前にbefore (doing)
  2. 129〜後でafter (doing), later
  3. 130〜時when, at the time
  4. 131〜ながらwhile (doing)
  5. 132〜けどbut, though
  6. 133〜んです・〜の(explaining, or asking for an explanation)
  7. 134〜でしょうprobably, …right?
  8. 135〜つもりplan to, intend to
  9. 136〜ほうがいいhad better, should
  10. 137しか〜ないonly, nothing but