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で・から (made of, made from)

(made) of, out of; from

Material + で + 作る / できている · Raw material + から + 作る

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で marks what something is made of, when you can still see the material: この机は木で作りました, "I made this desk out of wood"; 紙で飛行機を作る, "make a plane out of paper".

から is used when the raw material changes completely and can't be seen in the product: ワインはぶどうから作ります, "wine is made from grapes"; 紙は木から作る.

The thing being made takes を: 紙で飛行機を作る.

できている means "is made of": このかばんは革でできています, "this bag is made of leather".

A handy test: if you can point to the material in the finished thing (the wood in a desk, the paper in a plane), use で. If it has turned into something else entirely (grapes into wine), use から.

Examples

  • この机つくえは木きで作つくりました。

    I made this desk out of wood.

  • 紙かみで飛行機ひこうきを作つくりましょう。

    Let's make a paper plane.

  • このかばんは革かわでできています。

    This bag is made of leather.

  • 雪ゆきで大おおきな家いえを作つくった。

    We built a big house out of snow.

  • ワインはぶどうから作つくります。

    Wine is made from grapes.

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