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で (because of)

because of, due to

Noun + で

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で after a noun can give a cause: 病気で学校を休みました, "I was off school because I was ill". It's short and neutral, and it only works with nouns: 病気, 雨, 事故, 風邪, 仕事.

It's the same で as "by means of", stretched: the illness is what brought about the absence.

For a cause expressed as a whole clause, use から or ので instead: 雨が降ったから. After a noun, から needs だ (雨だから), so で is the natural short choice.

With 仕事, it can mean "on business": 仕事で大阪に行きます, "I'm going to Osaka for work".

Examples

  • 病気びょうきで学校がっこうを休やすみました。

    I was off school because I was ill.

  • 雨あめで試合しあいが中止ちゅうしになりました。

    The match was called off because of the rain.

  • 事故じこで電車でんしゃが遅おくれています。

    The trains are late because of an accident.

  • 風邪かぜで声こえが出でません。

    I've lost my voice because of a cold.

  • 仕事しごとで大阪おおさかに行いきます。

    I'm going to Osaka for work.

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