か
? (question)
Sentence + か
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Put か at the end of a polite sentence and it becomes a question. Nothing else moves: 学生です, "(I'm) a student" becomes 学生ですか, "are you a student?"
Written Japanese often ends a か question with 。 rather than ?, since か already does the job.
In casual speech, か after a plain form sounds rough or like musing to yourself, so friends ask with a rising voice instead: 行く? "Are you going?"
Answer yes/no questions with はい and いいえ, or casually うん and ううん. The same か after a question word makes "some-" words (何か, "something"), covered later in the deck.
Register: Natural after polite ます/です. After a plain form it can sound rough or like thinking aloud; friends ask with rising intonation instead.
Examples
学生ですか。
Are you a student?
これは何ですか。
What is this?
駅は近いですか。
Is the station close?
コーヒーを飲みますか。
Do you drink coffee?
山田さんは日本人ですか。
Is Ms Yamada Japanese?