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〜ずに

without doing

Verb ない-form minus ない + ずに (する → せずに)

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ずに means "without doing", like ないで: 朝ご飯を食べずに出かけた, "I went out without eating breakfast". Build it by dropping ない from the negative and adding ずに: 食べない → 食べずに, 行かない → 行かずに.

The one exception is する, which becomes せずに, not しずに: 勉強せずにテストを受けた, "I took the test without studying".

ずに is a little more formal and written than ないで, so you'll see it in books, news and instructions. In conversation ないで is more common, but the meaning is the same.

ずに only means "without"; it can't make a request, so 食べずにください is wrong. Use 食べないでください for that.

Examples

  • 朝あさご飯はんを食たべずに学校がっこうに行いきました。

    I went to school without eating breakfast.

  • 辞書じしょを使つかわずに読よめますか。

    Can you read it without using a dictionary?

  • 昨日きのうは勉強べんきょうせずに寝ねてしまった。

    Yesterday I went to sleep without studying.

  • 傘かさを持もたずに出でかけた。

    I went out without taking an umbrella.

  • 誰だれにも言いわずに会社かいしゃを辞やめた。

    They quit their job without telling anyone.

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