〜一方(で)
while, on the other hand; at the same time
Plain form + 一方(で) · Sentence。一方、Sentence。
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一方で contrasts two facts, often about two different things: 都会では人口が増えている一方で、田舎では減っている, "while the population is growing in cities, it's shrinking in the countryside".
At the start of a sentence, 一方 (with or without で) means "on the other hand": 兄はスポーツが得意だ。一方、弟は勉強が得意だ.
It can also describe two activities one person keeps up side by side: 彼は仕事をする一方で、大学にも通っている, "he works, and at the same time attends university".
It's common in news and essays. Don't confuse it with 一方だ at the end of a sentence, which means "keeps going one way".
Examples
兄はスポーツが得意だ。一方、弟は勉強が得意だ。
My older brother is good at sports. My younger brother, on the other hand, is good at studying.
都会では人口が増えている一方で、田舎では減っている。
While the population is growing in cities, it's shrinking in the countryside.
彼は仕事をする一方で、大学にも通っている。
He works, and at the same time attends university.
賛成する人がいる一方で、反対する人もいる。
While some people are in favour, others are against.
物価は上がる一方で、給料は上がらない。
Prices go up, while wages don't.