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〜以上(は)

since, as long as (it follows that)

Plain form + 以上(は) (な-adj, Noun + である)

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以上は gives a premise that leads to an obligation or a firm conclusion: 約束した以上、守るべきだ, "since you promised, you should keep it". The は is often left off.

It covers both "now that" (a decision already made) and "as long as" (an ongoing state): 学生である以上は、勉強が第一だ, "as long as you're a student, studying comes first".

The second half is a judgement, duty or decision: べきだ, なければならない, わけにはいかない, できない. It sits between からには (a bit more personal) and 上は (the most formal).

After nouns and な-adjectives, use である: 学生である以上. Don't confuse it with 以上 as a noun ("more than", or "that's all" at the end of a speech).

Examples

  • 約束やくそくした以上いじょう、守まもるべきだ。

    Since you promised, you should keep your word.

  • 学生がくせいである以上いじょうは、勉強べんきょうが第一だいいちだ。

    As long as you're a student, studying comes first.

  • やると言いった以上いじょう、途中とちゅうでやめるわけにはいかない。

    Since I said I'd do it, I can't quit halfway.

  • 日本にほんに住すむ以上いじょう、日本にほんの法律ほうりつに従したがわなければならない。

    As long as you live in Japan, you have to obey Japanese law.

  • 証拠しょうこがない以上いじょう、彼かれを疑うたがうことはできない。

    As long as there's no evidence, we can't suspect him.

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