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〜し

and what's more, and besides

Plain form + し, (plain form + し,) …

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し after a plain form lists reasons or points that pile up: この店は安いし、おいしいし、いつも込んでいます, "this place is cheap, it's good, and it's always packed".

It often implies a conclusion: 今日は雨だし、寒いし、家にいよう, "it's raining and it's cold, so let's stay in". Even a single し suggests "among other reasons": お金もないし, "I've got no money, for one thing".

Nouns and な-adjectives keep だ: 雨だし, 静かだし.

The て-form also lists (安くておいしい), but neutrally. し adds the sense of building a case, the way English piles up "and besides".

Examples

  • この店みせは安やすいし、おいしいし、いつも込こんでいます。

    This place is cheap, it's good, and it's always packed.

  • 今日きょうは雨あめだし、寒さむいし、家いえにいよう。

    It's raining and it's cold, so let's stay in.

  • 田中たなかさんは優やさしいし、頭あたまもいい。

    Tanaka's kind, and clever too.

  • お金かねもないし、今年ことしは旅行りょこうに行いきません。

    I've got no money, for one thing, so no trip this year.

  • 駅えきから近ちかいし、この部屋へやにします。

    It's close to the station and all, so I'll take this room.

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