〜間・〜間に
during, while (the whole time / at some point)
Verb (ている) / Noun の + 間 / 間に
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間 (あいだ) means "during" or "while", and the particle after it changes the meaning:
- 間 alone: the whole time. 夏休みの間、国に帰っていた, "I was back home for the entire summer holidays".
- 間に: at some point during it. 母が買い物をしている間に、部屋を掃除した, "while my mother was out shopping, I cleaned the room".
Nouns take の (授業の間); verbs are usually in the ている form or plain (寝ている間に, 日本にいる間に).
Compare ながら, where one person does two things at once. With 間, the two parts can be done by different people: 私が寝ている間に雪が降った, "it snowed while I was asleep".
Examples
夏休みの間、ずっと国に帰っていました。
I was back home for the whole summer holidays.
母が買い物をしている間に、部屋を掃除しました。
While my mother was out shopping, I cleaned the room.
授業の間、ずっと寝ていた。
I slept through the whole class.
日本にいる間に、富士山に登りたい。
I want to climb Mount Fuji while I'm in Japan.
私が寝ている間に、雪が降った。
It snowed while I was asleep.