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〜までに

by (a deadline)

Time / Verb dictionary form + までに

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までに sets a deadline: 金曜日までにレポートを出してください, "please hand in the report by Friday". The action happens once, at some point before the limit.

Compare まで, "until", where the action continues the whole time: 金曜日まで休みます, "I'm off until Friday".

A quick test: if English says "by", it's までに; if it says "until" or "till", it's まで.

It works after verbs too: 夏休みが終わるまでに, "before the summer holidays end". And 何時までに asks for a deadline: 何時までに来ればいいですか, "by what time should I come?" Shop signs and forms use it all the time.

Examples

  • 金曜日きんようびまでにレポートを出だしてください。

    Please hand in the report by Friday.

  • 五時ごじまでに帰かえります。

    I'll be back by five.

  • 夏休なつやすみが終おわるまでに、この本ほんを読よみたい。

    I want to read this book before the summer holidays end.

  • 明日あしたの朝あさまでに返事へんじをください。

    Please reply by tomorrow morning.

  • 何時なんじまでに来くればいいですか。

    By what time should I come?

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