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〜上に

on top of, besides, in addition

Plain form + 上に (な-adj + な · Noun + の / である)

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上に adds a second point of the same kind to the first: この部屋は広い上に、駅から近い, "this room is spacious, and on top of that it's close to the station".

Both halves go in the same direction: good plus good, or bad plus bad. 道に迷った上に、雨まで降ってきた, "I got lost, and on top of that it started raining".

It follows a plain form; な-adjectives take な (親切な上に), and nouns take の or である.

Don't confuse it with 上で ("after, based on") or 上は ("now that"). Compare し (N4), which lists reasons more loosely, and に加えて, which adds nouns.

Examples

  • この部屋へやは広ひろい上うえに、駅えきから近ちかい。

    This room is spacious, and on top of that it's close to the station.

  • 道みちに迷まよった上うえに、雨あめまで降ふってきた。

    I got lost, and on top of that it started raining.

  • 彼女かのじょは頭あたまがいい上うえに、性格せいかくもいい。

    She's clever, and she has a lovely personality too.

  • この仕事しごとは給料きゅうりょうが安やすい上うえに、休やすみも少すくない。

    This job pays badly, and there's hardly any time off either.

  • 親切しんせつな上うえに、仕事しごとも早はやい。

    They're kind, and they work fast too.

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