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〜なしに・〜なしで

without (asking, warning, a break)

Noun + なしに / なしで / なしでは

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なしに and なしで mean "without": 彼は断りなしに、私の車を使った, "he used my car without asking".

The noun is usually something that should have been there: permission (断り, 許可), a warning (前触れ), a booking (予約), a break (休憩). なしに is more written, and なしで is more conversational.

With a negative, なしでは means "can't do without": スマホなしでは生活できない.

Compare なくして (N1), a formal "without X, Y is impossible", and 抜きで (N2), "leaving something out on purpose". Don't confuse it with なくて, "isn't, and". The tone is often a mild complaint when someone skips a step they should have taken.

Examples

  • 彼かれは断ことわりなしに、私わたしの車くるまを使つかった。

    He used my car without asking.

  • この店みせは予約よやくなしで入はいれる。

    You can get into this restaurant without a booking.

  • 何なんの前触まえぶれもなしに、突然雨とつぜんあめが降ふり出だした。

    Without any warning, it suddenly started to rain.

  • 休憩きゅうけいなしで、五時間働ごじかんはたらいた。

    I worked five hours without a break.

  • 許可きょかなしに、写真しゃしんを撮とらないでください。

    Please don't take photos without permission.

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