immersionlog

〜ないと・〜なきゃ

have to, must (casual)

Verb ない-form + と · ない-form minus い + きゃ

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Nobody says なければなりません between friends. Casual speech cuts obligation down to the condition alone, and the "or it won't do" part is understood.

ないと is short for ないといけない: もう帰らないと, "I've got to go home now".

なきゃ is short for なければ (ならない): 宿題しなきゃ, "I have to do my homework". Build it from the ない-form: 帰らない → 帰らなきゃ, 食べない → 食べなきゃ.

Both are extremely common, often with a small sigh: 早く寝ないと…, "I really should go to bed".

The full ないといけない is fine in polite speech too: 行かないといけません. なきゃ stays casual.

Register: Casual: the everyday way to say "I have to".

Examples

  • もうこんな時間じかん。帰かえらないと。

    Look at the time. I've got to go home.

  • 明日あしたテストだから、勉強べんきょうしなきゃ。

    There's a test tomorrow, so I have to study.

  • 薬くすりを飲のまないといけませんよ。

    You have to take your medicine.

  • 早はやく寝ねなきゃ。明日あしたは六時起ろくじおきだ。

    I need to get to bed. I'm up at six tomorrow.

  • あ、母ははに電話でんわしないと。

    Oh, I need to call my mum.

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