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〜にもかかわらず

despite, even though

Noun / Plain form + にもかかわらず (な-adj, Noun + である)

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にもかかわらず means "despite": 雨にもかかわらず、多くの人が集まった, "despite the rain, lots of people turned up".

The first half is a fact that you'd expect to prevent the second, but it didn't. It's the formal, written equivalent of のに, without のに's note of complaint, so it's also used for gratitude: 忙しいにもかかわらず、手伝ってくれてありがとう.

It follows nouns directly, and plain forms of verbs and adjectives; な-adjectives and nouns can take である.

The も is essential: without it, にかかわらず means "regardless of". At the start of a sentence, それにもかかわらず means "nevertheless".

Examples

  • 雨あめにもかかわらず、多おおくの人ひとが集あつまった。

    Despite the rain, lots of people turned up.

  • 一生懸命勉強いっしょうけんめいべんきょうしたにもかかわらず、不合格ふごうかくだった。

    Despite studying really hard, I failed.

  • 注意ちゅういされたにもかかわらず、彼かれはまた遅刻ちこくした。

    Despite being warned, he was late again.

  • 忙いそがしいにもかかわらず、手伝てつだってくれてありがとう。

    Thank you for helping, even though you're so busy.

  • 休日きゅうじつであるにもかかわらず、会社かいしゃに行いった。

    Even though it was a holiday, I went to work.

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