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〜上 (じょう)

from the standpoint of, in terms of, -ally

Noun + 上 (+ は · の + Noun)

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上 read じょう after a noun means "from the standpoint of" or "in terms of": 法律上、問題はない, "legally, there's no problem". It's like English "-ally" or "for … reasons".

Common combinations: 法律上 (legally), 健康上 (for health reasons), 教育上 (educationally), 立場上 (given one's position), 仕事上 (for work), 計算上 (on paper, by calculation).

Before a noun, it takes の: 健康上の理由, "health reasons". It's formal and compact, common in writing and business.

Compare 的 (N3), which makes a な-adjective (教育的な). 上 marks a viewpoint or area; it isn't an adjective itself. Don't confuse it with 上で (うえで).

Examples

  • 法律ほうりつ上じょう、問題もんだいはない。

    Legally, there's no problem.

  • 健康けんこう上じょうの理由りゆうで、仕事しごとを辞やめた。

    I left my job for health reasons.

  • 立場たちば上じょう、何なにも言いえない。

    Given my position, I can't say anything.

  • 教育きょういく上じょう、よくない。

    It's not good from an educational point of view.

  • 計算けいさん上じょうは、これで間まに合あうはずだ。

    On paper, this should be enough.

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